Perikon: 10 potentielle sundhedsmæssige fordele, dosering og bivirkninger

Johannesurt er videnskabeligt kendt som Hypericum perforatum. Det er en blomstrende plante hjemmehørende i Europa. Det er blevet brugt i folkemedicin i århundreder til behandling af mange lidelser. Ekstrakterne af perikon indeholder aktive ingredienser som hypericin og hyperforin. Planten siges at have antiinflammatoriske, antimikrobielle, antioxidante og anticancer egenskaber. Denne urtemedicin kan hjælpe med at behandle depression, kontrollere menopausale symptomer, helbrede sår, forbedre opmærksomhedsunderskud hyperaktivitetsforstyrrelse (ADHD) og behandle angstlidelse.

I denne artikel vil vi diskutere sundhedsmæssige fordele, dosering og potentielle bivirkninger af perikon. Fortsæt læsning.

Hvad er fordelene ved perikon?

1. Kan hjælpe med at behandle depression

St.John's Wort kan hjælpe med at behandle depression. Generelt bruges medicin som antidepressiva til at behandle dette psykologiske problem. Antidepressiva kommer normalt med andre bivirkninger. St.John's Wort siges at have nogle aktive ingredienser som hyperforin, adhyperforin og hypericin, der kan øge niveauet af kemiske budbringere i hjernen (1).

En undersøgelse anførte, at deltagere, der tog perikon, var langt mindre tilbøjelige til at opleve uønskede hændelser end dem, der brugte antidepressiva (2). Derudover reducerer brugen af ​​perikon John's symptomer på depression i samme omfang som antidepressiva (3).

En anden undersøgelse foretaget af University of Queensland støttede brugen af ​​perikon til behandling af mild depression (4). En gennemgang af 29 internationale undersøgelser antyder, at perikon kan være bedre end placebo og lige så effektiv som forskellige standard receptpligtige antidepressiva, der anvendes til behandling af depression (5).

2. Kan kontrollere menopausale symptomer

St.John's Wort-ekstrakt kan bruges til at lindre de psykologiske og vegetative symptomer på overgangsalderen. Det kunne forbedre livskvaliteten og hedeture hos kvinder i overgangsalderen. Yderligere større kliniske forsøg er nødvendige for yderligere at forstå denne mekanisme (6).

I en anden undersøgelse viste 111 kvinder suppleret med 900 mg perikon dagligt i 12 uger forbedringer i deres menopausale symptomer (7). En anden undersøgelse siger, at planten kan bruges som en effektiv behandling for vasomotoriske symptomer hos perimenopausale eller postmenopausale kvinder (8).

Også ekstrakterne af perikon og deres kombination med urter har vist færre bivirkninger hos postmenopausale kvinder (9). Daglig behandling med perikon var mere effektiv til behandling af præmenstruelt syndrom (PMS) (10).

3. Kan hjælpe med sårheling

St.John's Wort bruges traditionelt til at behandle sår og forbrændinger (11), (12). Ekstrakterne af denne urt er også blevet brugt som et folkemiddel til at fremme hudens sårheling (13). St.John's Wort resulterede også i en hurtigere inflammatorisk respons og hjalp til med at helbrede diabetiske kirurgiske sår (14).

Denne urtemedicin og dens metabolit (hyperforin) viste sig at hjælpe med behandlingen af ​​inflammatoriske hudlidelser (15). Johannesurt blev fundet at behandle sår som et resultat af kollagensyntese og fibroblastmigration (16).

4. Kan behandle ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)

St.John's Wort kan hjælpe med at behandle ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). En undersøgelse foretaget af Regional Hospital Bozen, Bolzano, viste, at perikon viste en let forbedring i gennemsnittet af patienternes hyperaktivitets- og umodenhedsfaktorer (17).

En undersøgelse, der anvendte perikonekstrakt til behandling af børn og unge med ADHD, forbedrede imidlertid ikke deres symptomer (18). Derfor er der behov for mere langsigtet forskning for yderligere at forstå denne fordel ved perikon.

5. Kan behandle angstlidelse

St.John's Wort besidder nogle gavnlige terapeutiske egenskaber, der kan hjælpe med at behandle angstlidelse. Planten har antidepressive egenskaber, der bruges til behandling af major depressiv lidelse (MDD) med comorbid angst (19). En undersøgelse foretaget af Western Illinois University på mus viste, at perikum hjalp med til behandling af posttraumatisk stresslidelse (som inkluderer angstlidelse) (20).

Imidlertid er der behov for mere forskning i denne henseende.

6. Kan behandle atopisk dermatitis

Hyperforin, en vigtig bestanddel af perikon, har en antiinflammatorisk virkning. Den aktuelle anvendelse af perikon kan hjælpe med at behandle atopisk dermatitis (21).

Plantebestanddele, som hyperforin og hypericin, har antioxidant, antiinflammatorisk, anticancer og antimikrobielle egenskaber, der kan hjælpe med at behandle atopisk dermatitis (22). Hypericin er også et fotosensibilisator, der kan bruges til selektiv behandling af ikke-melanom hudkræft (22).

Der er behov for mere forskning i denne henseende.

7. Kan behandle Somatoform lidelser

Somatoform lidelser er psykiske lidelser, der manifesterer sig som fysiske skader. Indledende undersøgelser har vist, at perikon kan have en vis effekt hos patienter med somatoforme lidelser (23). I en anden undersøgelse var administration af 600 mg perikon udtaget dagligt effektivt til behandling af somatoforme lidelser (24).

8. Kan reducere kræftrisiko

Hyperforin og dets derivater (som aristoforin) er naturlige produkter fra perikon, der har flere farmakologiske egenskaber. Hyperforin siges at være et potent anticancermiddel (25). Den melatoninrige kimplasmelinie fra perikon siges at have antioxidantegenskaber. De hjælper med at hæmme kræftcellevækst (26).

Hyperforin fremmer også den programmerede celledød af forskellige kræftceller og hæmmer deres evne til at migrere (27), (28). Hyperforin og dets derivater har en fremtrædende position som medicin mod kræft med deres lave toksiske natur og antitumor-egenskaber (29). En undersøgelse anførte, at hyperforin kunne inducere kræftceldød i tilfælde af leukæmi (30), (31).

9. Kan behandle overbelastning af sinus

Nogle undersøgelser tyder på, at perikon kan arbejde mod bihulebetændelse og sæsonbetinget affektiv lidelse (SAD) (32). St.John's Wort har antibiotiske og antivirale egenskaber, der kan hjælpe med at lindre slim overbelastning, bihulebetændelse, influenza og bronkitis symptomer. Imidlertid er der behov for yderligere forskning for at forstå denne fordel ved perikum hos mennesker.

10. Kan sænke blodtrykket

St.John's Wort har stærke antiinflammatoriske og antioxidantegenskaber, som kan hjælpe med at sænke blodtrykket. Nogle anekdotiske beviser tyder på, at denne medicinske urt minimerer betændelse i det kardiovaskulære system og mindsker stress på hjertet. Imidlertid er der behov for mere forskning i denne henseende.

Utilstrækkelig dokumentation til at bedømme effektiviteten for

St.John's Wort har en lang historie med anvendelse i folkemedicin til behandling af en række forskellige lidelser, der inkluderer inflammation, sår, bakterielle og virale infektioner, mavesår og åndedrætsbesvær (33). St. John's Wort siges at have smertestillende og antinociceptive egenskaber, der hjælper med at håndtere smerte (34). Multipel sklerose (MS) er en lidelse i centralnervesystemet, der er karakteriseret ved aksonal skade og betændelse. St. John's Wort siges at have antiinflammatoriske egenskaber, der hjælper med at behandle multipel sklerose (MS) (35).

St. John's Worts stærke antiinflammatoriske egenskaber gør det til en ideel løsning til alvorlige ledsmerter, gigt og muskelspasmer. Ethylacetatekstrakten fra perikon kunne vise antihyperglykæmisk aktivitet hos diabetiske rotter (36). Dyreforsøg siger, at perikon har hepatobeskyttende virkninger, der kan hjælpe med at behandle hepatisk iskæmi hos rotter (37). St.John's Wort kan hjælpe med at bekæmpe diabetes. Administration af dets ekstrakter (125 og 250 mg / kg) inducerede et signifikant fald i høje blodsukkerniveauer hos diabetiske rotter (38).

Følgende er nogle af de påståede fordele ved perikon, der ikke har tilstrækkelig dokumentation:

• Hjernetumor (gliom)

  Johannesurt kan hjælpe med at behandle gliom gennem intravenøs injektion (39). Imidlertid er der ikke tilstrækkelige data til rådighed til at bevise dette krav.

• Herpes

Recent studies have shown that St. John’s Wort contains certain antiviral properties. This herb is believed to be helpful in the treatment of herpes, AIDS, hepatitis B, and several other serious viral conditions (40), (41).

• Smoking cessation

St. John’s Wort could attenuate nicotine withdrawal signs in mice. The plant was also used as a natural antidepressant in mice. More studies in humans are needed (42). St. John’s Wort proves to be effective in larger controlled studies. It could represent a less expensive, more readily accessible, and well-tolerated agent to promote tobacco cessation (43). However, further studies are necessary to understand the possibility of St. John’s wort in the treatment of smoking cessation in humans.

• Helps create a hormonal balance

St. John’s Wort is a widely popular treatment for hormonal imbalances. Its chemical composition is especially shown to lower the hormonal imbalances in a menopausal woman. It may reduce mood swings, the severity of the cramps, irritation, depression, and anxiety levels (44). However, further evidence is needed to confirm its effectiveness.

Other potential benefits of St. John’s Wort that lack any research include the following:

• Migraine headache

• Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

• Skin redness and irritation (plaque psoriasis)

• Tooth pulling

• Nerve pain

• Burning mouth syndrome

• Post-operative pain

Though more research is warranted, the plant does have some benefits. In the following section, we will look at the ideal dosage of the plant.

Dosage*

For Children and young adults (>18 years)

• For ADHD – 300 mg St. John’s Wort, three times daily for eight weeks (18)
• For depression – 150-1800 mg St. John’s Wort, three times daily for eight weeks (41)

For Adults

• For anxiety – 900 mg St. John’s Wort, twice daily for twelve weeks (45)
• For cancer – 05-0.50 mg per kg of hypericin, for two months (46)
• For mild to moderate depression – 20-1800 mg St. John’s Wort, three times for 4 to 52 weeks
• For severe depression – 900-1800 mg, once daily for 8 to 12 weeks (47)
• For obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) – 450-1800 mg, once daily for 12 weeks (48)
• For premenstrual syndrome (PMS) – 300-900 mg daily for two menstrual cycles (49)
• For smoking cessation – 300 mg, once or twice daily for three months (50)

* These values are taken only from randomized clinical trials. They are for reference only. None of them have been proven to treat any particular ailment. Consult your doctor for more information.

Though St. John’s Wort is generally safe for consumption, it also may have some side effects. We will explore them in the following section.

What Are The Potential Side Effects Of St. John’s Wort?

The uncontrolled and unprescribed dosage of St. John’s Wort may cause several side effects. These include allergic reactions, sedation, gastrointestinal symptoms, headache, skin reactions, dry mouth, tiredness/restlessness, and dizziness. The majority of these reactions were generally considered to be mild, moderate, or transient (51), (52), (53).

Some research has indicated that taking certain herbal supplements, including St. John’s Wort, may increase your risk of complications if you are put under anesthesia. You should not take St. John’s Wort at least two weeks before a scheduled surgery (54).

Photosensitivity reactions affecting the skin are other serious adverse reactions associated with St. John’s Wort. Recent data suggest that photosensitivity reactions are dose-related, with increased sensitivity associated with higher doses. Extracts of St. John’s Wort are used in the treatment of depression. They contain various substances with naphthodianthrones hypericin and pseudohypericin as characteristic ingredients. These compounds may lead to phototoxicity in animals and humans (55), (56).

Also, St. John’s Wort may cause liver injury, tingling, and erectile or sexual dysfunction. However, limited research is available in this regard.

Possible Drug Interactions

St. John’s Wort may react with certain drugs. Generally, most herbs interact with prescribed drugs and have the potential to influence metabolic reactions (56), (57).

In a study, drug interactions with St. John’s Wort had affected the organ systems and the central nervous system. St. John’s Wort and fluoxetine have a similar profile, and this demonstrates that herbal preparations can result in adverse drug reactions that are similar to those of prescription medications (58). In another study, St. John’s Wort interacted with cyclosporin A metabolism. The drug is involved in the careful monitoring of blood levels in a patient after liver transplantation (59).

St. John’s Wort may interact with medicines such as warfarin, phenprocoumon, cyclosporine, oral contraceptives, theophylline, digoxin, indinavir, and lamivudine (60).

Also, it may interact with other drugs. These include:

• Antibiotics, antidepressant SSRIs, and Triptans

St. John’s Wort may interact with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). This interaction may lead to agitation, nausea, confusion, and diarrhea (56).

• Oral contraceptives

St. John’s Wort may interact with oral contraceptives. This results in breakthrough bleeding among women who are taking birth control pills along with St. John’s Wort (56).

• Immunosuppressants and blood thinners such as warfarin

Warfarin may interact with St. John’s Wort, which can lead to severe adverse reactions that are sometimes life-threatening (61).

• Sedatives and medications used to treat generalized anxiety disorder; drugs used to treat cancer, heart conditions, and HIV/AIDS

From one study, patients with HIV experienced an increase in HIV RNA viral load following the use of St. John’s Wort (56).

• Over-the-counter medications (for sleep, cough, and cold)

St. John’s Wort also interacts with anticonvulsants such as carbamazepine, phenobarbitone and phenytoin, theophylline, cyclosporin, phenprocoumon, and digoxin. However, more long-term research is needed to further understand these drug interactions.

Conclusion

St. John’s Wort is an effective dietary supplement and medicinal herb for treating various nervous system related disorders. It is said to possess anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties and helps to treat many ailments. It may help treat depression, control menopausal symptoms, help in wound healing, and treat anxiety disorders. However, excess and unprescribed usage of this herbal drug may lead to some adverse reactions. Hence, limit its usage and consult your health care provider in case of any medical emergencies.

Expert’s Answers for Readers Questions

How long does St. John’s Wort take to start working?

St. John’s Wort may take 3 to 6 weeks to show any effects. Do not stop taking it all at once, as you may otherwise experience side effects.

Should I take St. John’s Wort in the morning or night?

St. John’s Wort works best if taken twice a day. In the third and fourth weeks of your treatment, take 300 mg in the morning and 600 mg in the evening. In the fifth week, consider increasing the dose to 600 mg twice a day. Like all antidepressants, it can take four to six weeks before you feel any benefits. Consult your doctor for more information on the use and dosage.

Does St. John’s Wort make you gain weight?

No. St. John’s Wort has the potential to prevent obesity and abnormalities with lipid metabolism. It does not lead to weight gain.

Is St. John’s Wort bad for your heart?

St. John’s Wort is well known to help treat depression in heart patients, with less negative side effects on the heart than traditional antidepressants.

Can St. John’s Wort damage the liver?

Johannesurt er ikke blevet forbundet med leverskade. På grund af dets mange interaktioner og virkninger af urtemedicin kan urten påvirke leverfunktionen eller forårsage leverskade. Undgå at tage det sammen med levermedicin. Kontakt din læge.

Kan du drikke alkohol med perikon?

Du bør undgå eller begrænse brugen af ​​alkohol, mens du behandles med perikon. Alkohol kan øge bivirkningerne af perikon, der er forbundet med nervesystemet, herunder svimmelhed, døsighed og koncentrationsbesvær.

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